|
The Siege of Stirling Castle took place in Stirling, Scotland between 18 January 1746 and 1 February 1746, and was part of the Jacobite rising of 1745. The castle was defended by British-Hanoverian Government troops against the besieging Jacobites.〔Pollard, Tony. (2009). ''Culloden: The History and Archaeology of the last Clan Battle''. p.28. ISBN 978-1-84884-020-1.〕 ==Background== In September 1745, during the Jacobite rising of 1745, the advancing Jacobite army of ''Prince'' Charles Edward Stuart was heading towards Edinburgh, but in order to get there had to pass by Stirling Castle which was being held by British-Hanoverian forces under the command of Major General William Blakeney.〔Duffy, Christopher. (2007). ''The '45, Bonnie Prince Charlie and Untold Story of the Jacobite Rising.'' p. 191. ISBN 978-0-7538-2262-3.〕 On 14 September the Jacobites squeezed through the space between the extremity of the Touch Hills and the castle rock, bringing them within range of Blakeney’s artillery.〔 Blakeney opened fire at the Jacobite’s white flag hoping to hit the Chevalier (Stuart) himself, but the bullet landed about twenty yards from him.〔 He fired four times but without success, the cannon being only a 6-pounder and at a distance of a mile and a half.〔 The people of Stirling then emerged to watch the Jacobites pass through St. Ninians on the far side of the narrows.〔 The ''Prince'' and the Jacobites had at that time no intention of conflict with the Red coats in Stirling Castle and instead had their sights set firmly on Edinburgh.〔 By 26 December 1745 Prince Charles's army were in Glasgow,〔Duffy, Christopher. (2007). ''The '45, Bonnie Prince Charlie and Untold Story of the Jacobite Rising.'' p. 399. ISBN 978-0-7538-2262-3.〕 and they departed from there on 3 January 1746.〔Duffy, Christopher. (2007). ''The '45, Bonnie Prince Charlie and Untold Story of the Jacobite Rising.'' p. 403. ISBN 978-0-7538-2262-3.〕 Charles and his army arrived in the neighbourhood of Stirling on 4 January with Charles making his headquarters at Bannockburn House which was the seat of Sir Hugh Paterson, and where he also was able make a closer acquaintance with Paterson’s niece Clementina Walkinshaw.〔Duffy, Christopher. (2007). ''The '45, Bonnie Prince Charlie and Untold Story of the Jacobite Rising.'' p. 404. ISBN 978-0-7538-2262-3.〕 Charles's military priority was now to seize Stirling Castle which commanded the high-arched Stirling Bridge which was the lowest permanent crossing of the River Forth.〔 A British-Hanoverian commander, James Ray, stated that by capturing Stirling Castle, firstly it would give the Jacobites a reputation abroad as it is a famous place, secondly that if they could have also fortified Perth then it might have secured them the country for the winter and thirdly that it would have afforded them the means of maintaining themselves along the coasts, which would have facilitated their supplies from abroad.〔 The regular garrison of Stirling had actually been reduced to bolster the forces at Edinburgh.〔Duffy, Christopher. (2007). ''The '45, Bonnie Prince Charlie and Untold Story of the Jacobite Rising.'' p. 405. ISBN 978-0-7538-2262-3.〕 However Major Genral William Blakeney could call on the service of the remaining regulars, 320 (eight companies) of militia, his Volunteer Battalion of 200 men and a number of armed townsmen.〔 The castle was strong both by its nature and also thanks to a recent programme of re-fortification.〔 The Jacobites would need a heavy cannon to crack it open and their French allies had landed a consignment of such artillery at Montrose, including two 18-pounders, two 12-pounders and two 9-pounders, which Lord John Drummond was bringing from the north-east.〔 The town of Stirling surrendered to the Jacobites on 8 January 1746 and this freed the expert gunner Colonel James Grant to bring three 4-pounders to bear on Stirling Castle.〔Duffy, Christopher. (2007). ''The '45, Bonnie Prince Charlie and Untold Story of the Jacobite Rising.'' pp. 406 - 407. ISBN 978-0-7538-2262-3.〕 On 16 January Prince Charles Edward Stuart left the regiments of Perth and John Roy Stuart and most of the Royal Ecossais at Stirling to maintain the siege against the castle, while he and the rest of the Jacobite army headed south-east of Stirling on Plean Muir,〔Duffy, Christopher. (2007). ''The '45, Bonnie Prince Charlie and Untold Story of the Jacobite Rising.'' pp. 410. ISBN 978-0-7538-2262-3.〕 towards what would be a significant Jacobite victory at the Battle of Falkirk (1746).〔Pollard, Tony. (2009). ''Culloden: The History and Archaeology of the last Clan Battle''. pp.28 - 29. ISBN 978-1-84884-020-1.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Siege of Stirling Castle (1746)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|